在 awesome-go 节点下有不少开发界面的库, 大部分是基于web, gtk, qt跨平台的, 也有基于sciter go绑定的go-sciter, 基于原生包装的跨平台的库ui, 只支持Windows桌面端的walk
个人倾向于后2个, 适合个人的技术栈, 试用了下ui这个库, demo比较 少就4个, 运行起来有点卡, 而且生成的可执行文件很大. 最重要的是不支持设置控件坐标(没找到), 而且开放的接口比较少.
下面对比下ui和walk代码, 就拿button控件来说.
- ui
type Button struct {
ControlBase
b *C.uiButton
onClicked func(*Button)
}
type ControlBase struct {
iface Control
c *C.uiControl
}
type Control interface {
LibuiControl() uintptr
Destroy()
Handle() uintptr
Visible() bool
Show()
Hide()
Enabled() bool
Enable()
Disable()
}
- walk
type Button struct {
WidgetBase
checkedChangedPublisher EventPublisher
clickedPublisher EventPublisher
textChangedPublisher EventPublisher
imageChangedPublisher EventPublisher
image Image
persistent bool
}
type WidgetBase struct {
WindowBase
parent Container
toolTipTextProperty Property
toolTipTextChangedPublisher EventPublisher
graphicsEffects *WidgetGraphicsEffectList
alwaysConsumeSpace bool
}
type WindowBase struct {
window Window
hWnd win.HWND
origWndProcPtr uintptr
name string
font *Font
contextMenu *Menu
disposables []Disposable
disposingPublisher EventPublisher
dropFilesPublisher DropFilesEventPublisher
keyDownPublisher KeyEventPublisher
keyPressPublisher KeyEventPublisher
keyUpPublisher KeyEventPublisher
mouseDownPublisher MouseEventPublisher
mouseUpPublisher MouseEventPublisher
mouseMovePublisher MouseEventPublisher
mouseWheelPublisher MouseEventPublisher
boundsChangedPublisher EventPublisher
sizeChangedPublisher EventPublisher
maxSize Size
minSize Size
background Brush
cursor Cursor
suspended bool
visible bool
enabled bool
name2Property map[string]Property
enabledProperty Property
enabledChangedPublisher EventPublisher
visibleProperty Property
visibleChangedPublisher EventPublisher
focusedProperty Property
focusedChangedPublisher EventPublisher
calcTextSizeInfoPrev *calcTextSizeInfo
}
只列出了属性, 没有列出方法. 但也可以看出来ui这个库开放的接口非常少. 而walk这个库, 该有的都有了, 接口非常丰富. 实现的控件非常多, 甚至连webview都有, 例子也丰富不少.
需要注意的这个库里面的控件是基于原生控件的, 而不是自己绘制的
walk使用
func main() {
var label1, label2 *walk.Label
mv := MainWindow{
Title: "go window",
Size: Size{Width:800, Height:600},
Layout: VBox{MarginsZero: true},
Children: []Widget{
Label{Text: "Hello World", AssignTo: &label1,
Background: SolidColorBrush{walk.RGB(255, 0, 0)},
OnSizeChanged: func() {
label1.SetBounds(walk.Rectangle{100, 100, 100, 100})
}},
Label{Text: "Hello World", AssignTo: &label2,
Background: SolidColorBrush{walk.RGB(0, 255, 0)},
OnSizeChanged: func() {
label2.SetBounds(walk.Rectangle{100, 200, 100, 100})
}},
},
}
mv.Run()
}
有点类似flutter中的申明式构建界面, 但是没有提供代码初始化的回调^^.
win使用
walk内部调用了win, 而win就干了一件事, 把win32 api几乎所有相关的声明都导成了go.
比如win32里面的ShowWindow, 是这么导出的:
func init() {
libuser32 = MustLoadLibrary("user32.dll")
....
showWindow = MustGetProcAddress(libuser32, "ShowWindow")
}
func ShowWindow(hWnd HWND, nCmdShow int32) bool {
ret, _, _ := syscall.Syscall(showWindow, 2,
uintptr(hWnd),
uintptr(nCmdShow),
0)
return ret != 0
}
这样我们用go来调用win32 api, 跟c基本没差别, 除了语法上的略微差别. 我试用了下, 还是有个把方法没有导出. 可以按照这个方式自己导出.
既然该有的win32接口都有了, 那么就用go创建一个最简单的windows窗口吧
func main() {
hInst := GetModuleHandle(nil)
hIcon := LoadIcon(0, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION))
hCursor := LoadCursor(0, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_ARROW))
var wc WNDCLASSEX
wc.CbSize = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(wc))
wc.LpfnWndProc = syscall.NewCallback(wndProc)
wc.HInstance = hInst
wc.HIcon = hIcon
wc.HCursor = hCursor
wc.HbrBackground = COLOR_WINDOW + 1
wc.LpszClassName = syscall.StringToUTF16Ptr("go windwow")
wc.Style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW
RegisterClassEx(&wc)
hWnd := CreateWindowEx(
0,
syscall.StringToUTF16Ptr("go windwow"),
syscall.StringToUTF16Ptr("go windwow"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
400,
200,
640,
480,
0,
0,
hInst,
nil)
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW)
UpdateWindow(hWnd)
var msg MSG
for {
if (GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0) == TRUE) {
TranslateMessage(&msg)
DispatchMessage(&msg)
} else {
break
}
}
}
func wndProc(hwnd HWND, msg uint32, wParam, lParam uintptr) (result uintptr) {
var ps PAINTSTRUCT
switch msg {
case WM_PAINT:
hdc := BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps)
var lb LOGBRUSH
lb.LbStyle = BS_SOLID
lb.LbColor = 0xff000
lb.LbHatch = 0
hPen := HGDIOBJ(ExtCreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, &lb, 0, nil))
hOldOpen := SelectObject(hdc, hPen)
var pt POINT
MoveToEx(hdc, 0, 0, &pt)
LineTo(hdc, 100, 100)
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps)
SelectObject(hdc, hOldOpen)
DeleteObject(hPen)
break
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0)
break
default:
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam)
}
return 0
}
是不是基本与c的写法一模一样, 包括命名. 因此用go(win), 也能像c/c++一样开发windows界面, 只用稍微切换下语法.
而walk虽然把传统win32 api和控件封装成了对象, 把基于消息的事件包装成了回调, 封装出了canvs, 也有布局容器BoxLayout, 做做简单的界面还是很方便的, 但是其本质还是基于windows原有控件, 想自由布局, 定制界面, 性能方面还是很受限.
个人感觉可以win为基础封装自己的库, 比如用go把duilib翻译一遍, 这就又是另一番苦力活了.
网上干类似事情的库:
有疑问加站长微信联系（非本文作者）
