兄弟连区块链入门教程以太源码分析accounts账户管理分析,2018年下半年,区块链行业正逐渐褪去发展之初的浮躁、回归理性,表面上看相关人才需求与身价似乎正在回落。但事实上,正是初期泡沫的渐退,让人们更多的关注点放在了区块链真正的技术之上。
##数据结构分析
ETH的账户管理定义在accounts/manager.go中,其数据结构为:
```
// Manager is an overarching account manager that can communicate with various
// backends for signing transactions.
type Manager struct {
backends map[reflect.Type][]Backend // Index of backends currently registered
updaters []event.Subscription // Wallet update subscriptions for all backends
updates chan WalletEvent // Subscription sink for backend wallet changes
wallets []Wallet // Cache of all wallets from all registered backends
feed event.Feed // Wallet feed notifying of arrivals/departures
quit chan chan error
lock sync.RWMutex
}
```
backends是所有已注册的Backend
updaters是所有的Backend的更新订阅器
updates是Backend更新的订阅槽
wallets是所有已经注册的Backends的钱包的缓存
feed是钱包到达和离开的通知
quit是退出队列的通道
这里主要来看一下Backend的定义。Backend是一个钱包的提供器,包含一系列的账号。Backend可以请求签名交易。
```
// Backend is a "wallet provider" that may contain a batch of accounts they can
// sign transactions with and upon request, do so.
type Backend interface {
// Wallets retrieves the list of wallets the backend is currently aware of.
//
// The returned wallets are not opened by default. For software HD wallets this
// means that no base seeds are decrypted, and for hardware wallets that no actual
// connection is established.
//
// The resulting wallet list will be sorted alphabetically based on its internal
// URL assigned by the backend. Since wallets (especially hardware) may come and
// go, the same wallet might appear at a different positions in the list during
// subsequent retrievals.
Wallets() []Wallet
// Subscribe creates an async subscription to receive notifications when the
// backend detects the arrival or departure of a wallet.
Subscribe(sink chan<- WalletEvent) event.Subscription
}
```
Backend是一个接口。其中,Wallets()返回当前可用的钱包,按字母顺序排序。
Subscribe()是创建异步订阅的方法,当钱包发生变动时会通过通道接收到消息并执行。
##启动时账户管理加载
在使用geth命令启动中,代码会调用makeFullNode方法产生一个节点。在这个方法中,会调用一个makeConfigNode方法。
在这个方法中,代码会将我们输入的启动命令进行解析,并放置在gethConfig中。接下来会调用node.New方法创建一个节点。
在node.New方法中,有一个makeAccountManager方法,这个方法是用来建立账户管理系统的。
```
func makeAccountManager(conf *Config) (*accounts.Manager, string, error) {
scryptN, scryptP, keydir, err := conf.AccountConfig()
var ephemeral string
if keydir == "" {
// There is no datadir.
keydir, err = ioutil.TempDir("", "go-ethereum-keystore")
ephemeral = keydir
}
if err != nil {
return nil, "", err
}
if err := os.MkdirAll(keydir, 0700); err != nil {
return nil, "", err
}
// Assemble the account manager and supported backends
backends := []accounts.Backend{
keystore.NewKeyStore(keydir, scryptN, scryptP),
}
...
```
在这个方法中,conf.AccountConfig方法会先将我们输入的参数进行解析,并获取keystore的初始值。接下来通过keystore.NewKeyStore方法创建一个Backend。
```
func NewKeyStore(keydir string, scryptN, scryptP int) *KeyStore {
keydir, _ = filepath.Abs(keydir)
ks := &KeyStore{storage: &keyStorePassphrase{keydir, scryptN, scryptP}}
ks.init(keydir)
return ks
}
```
在这个方法中,keystore会通过init方法进行初始化。
```
func (ks *KeyStore) init(keydir string) {
// Lock the mutex since the account cache might call back with events
ks.mu.Lock()
defer ks.mu.Unlock()
// Initialize the set of unlocked keys and the account cache
ks.unlocked = make(map[common.Address]*unlocked)
ks.cache, ks.changes = newAccountCache(keydir)
// TODO: In order for this finalizer to work, there must be no references
// to ks. addressCache doesn't keep a reference but unlocked keys do,
// so the finalizer will not trigger until all timed unlocks have expired.
runtime.SetFinalizer(ks, func(m *KeyStore) {
m.cache.close()
})
// Create the initial list of wallets from the cache
accs := ks.cache.accounts()
ks.wallets = make([]accounts.Wallet, len(accs))
for i := 0; i < len(accs); i++ {
ks.wallets[i] = &keystoreWallet{account: accs[i], keystore: ks}
}
}
```
这里,首先会通过newAccountCache方法将文件的路径写入到keystore的缓存中,并在ks.changes通道中写入数据。
然后会通过缓存中的accounts()方法从文件中将账户信息写入到缓存中。
在accounts中,一步步跟进去,会找到scanAccounts方法。这个方法会计算create,delete,和update的账户信息,并通过readAccount方法将账户信息写入到缓存中。
至此,项目管理的keystore和backend已经创建好,并将账户信息写入到内存中。
接下来,会通过accounts.NewManager创建一个account manager对账户进行管理。
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