安装

在go中使用protobuf，有两个可选用的包goprotobuf（go官方出品）和gogoprotobuf。
gogoprotobuf完全兼容google protobuf，它生成的代码质量和编解码性能均比goprotobuf高一些

安装protoc

首先去下载protobuf的编译器protoc ，windows上可以直接下到exe文件(linux则需要编译)，最后将下载好的可执行文件拷贝到GOPATH的bin目录下(GOPATH/bin目录最好添加到系统环境变量里)

安装protobuf库文件

go get github.com/golang/protobuf/proto

goprotobuf

安装插件

go get github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go

实例demo

/ 指定版本
// 不同版本写法存在差异
syntax = "proto3";

// 包名，通过protoc生成go文件时
package test;

// 手机类型
// 指定字段顺序 第一个必须为0
enum PhoneType{
     HOME = 0;
     WORK = 1;
}

// 手机
message Phone{
    PhoneType type = 1;
    string number  = 2;
}

// 人
message Person{
    int32 id = 1;
    string name = 2;
    // repeated表示重复
    repeated Phone phones = 3;
}

message ContactBook{
    repeated Person persons = 1;
}

生成go文件

protoc --go_out=.   *.proto

生成后的文件：

// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
// source: test.proto

// 包名，通过protoc生成go文件时

package testprotobuf

import (
    fmt "fmt"
    proto "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
    math "math"
)

// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
var _ = proto.Marshal
var _ = fmt.Errorf
var _ = math.Inf

// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
// is compatible with the proto package it is being compiled against.
// A compilation error at this line likely means your copy of the
// proto package needs to be updated.
const _ = proto.ProtoPackageIsVersion3 // please upgrade the proto package

// 手机类型
// 指定字段顺序 第一个必须为0
type PhoneType int32

const (
    PhoneType_HOME PhoneType = 0
    PhoneType_WORK PhoneType = 1
)

var PhoneType_name = map[int32]string{
    0: "HOME",
    1: "WORK",
}

var PhoneType_value = map[string]int32{
    "HOME": 0,
    "WORK": 1,
}

func (x PhoneType) String() string {
    return proto.EnumName(PhoneType_name, int32(x))
}

func (PhoneType) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
    return fileDescriptor_c161fcfdc0c3ff1e, []int{0}
}

// 手机
type Phone struct {
    Type                 PhoneType `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=type,proto3,enum=testprotobuf.PhoneType" json:"type,omitempty"`
    Number               string    `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=number,proto3" json:"number,omitempty"`
    XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}  `json:"-"`
    XXX_unrecognized     []byte    `json:"-"`
    XXX_sizecache        int32     `json:"-"`
}

func (m *Phone) Reset()         { *m = Phone{} }
func (m *Phone) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*Phone) ProtoMessage()    {}
func (*Phone) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
    return fileDescriptor_c161fcfdc0c3ff1e, []int{0}
}

func (m *Phone) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
    return xxx_messageInfo_Phone.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *Phone) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
    return xxx_messageInfo_Phone.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *Phone) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
    xxx_messageInfo_Phone.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *Phone) XXX_Size() int {
    return xxx_messageInfo_Phone.Size(m)
}
func (m *Phone) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
    xxx_messageInfo_Phone.DiscardUnknown(m)
}

var xxx_messageInfo_Phone proto.InternalMessageInfo

func (m *Phone) GetType() PhoneType {
    if m != nil {
        return m.Type
    }
    return PhoneType_HOME
}

func (m *Phone) GetNumber() string {
    if m != nil {
        return m.Number
    }
    return ""
}

// 人
type Person struct {
    Id   int32  `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
    Name string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
    // repeated表示重复
    Phones               []*Phone `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=phones,proto3" json:"phones,omitempty"`
    XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{} `json:"-"`
    XXX_unrecognized     []byte   `json:"-"`
    XXX_sizecache        int32    `json:"-"`
}

func (m *Person) Reset()         { *m = Person{} }
func (m *Person) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*Person) ProtoMessage()    {}
func (*Person) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
    return fileDescriptor_c161fcfdc0c3ff1e, []int{1}
}

func (m *Person) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
    return xxx_messageInfo_Person.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *Person) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
    return xxx_messageInfo_Person.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *Person) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
    xxx_messageInfo_Person.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *Person) XXX_Size() int {
    return xxx_messageInfo_Person.Size(m)
}
func (m *Person) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
    xxx_messageInfo_Person.DiscardUnknown(m)
}

var xxx_messageInfo_Person proto.InternalMessageInfo

func (m *Person) GetId() int32 {
    if m != nil {
        return m.Id
    }
    return 0
}

func (m *Person) GetName() string {
    if m != nil {
        return m.Name
    }
    return ""
}

func (m *Person) GetPhones() []*Phone {
    if m != nil {
        return m.Phones
    }
    return nil
}

type ContactBook struct {
    Persons              []*Person `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=persons,proto3" json:"persons,omitempty"`
    XXX_NoUnkeyedLiteral struct{}  `json:"-"`
    XXX_unrecognized     []byte    `json:"-"`
    XXX_sizecache        int32     `json:"-"`
}

func (m *ContactBook) Reset()         { *m = ContactBook{} }
func (m *ContactBook) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*ContactBook) ProtoMessage()    {}
func (*ContactBook) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
    return fileDescriptor_c161fcfdc0c3ff1e, []int{2}
}

func (m *ContactBook) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
    return xxx_messageInfo_ContactBook.Unmarshal(m, b)
}
func (m *ContactBook) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
    return xxx_messageInfo_ContactBook.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
}
func (m *ContactBook) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
    xxx_messageInfo_ContactBook.Merge(m, src)
}
func (m *ContactBook) XXX_Size() int {
    return xxx_messageInfo_ContactBook.Size(m)
}
func (m *ContactBook) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
    xxx_messageInfo_ContactBook.DiscardUnknown(m)
}

var xxx_messageInfo_ContactBook proto.InternalMessageInfo

func (m *ContactBook) GetPersons() []*Person {
    if m != nil {
        return m.Persons
    }
    return nil
}

func init() {
    proto.RegisterEnum("testprotobuf.PhoneType", PhoneType_name, PhoneType_value)
    proto.RegisterType((*Phone)(nil), "testprotobuf.Phone")
    proto.RegisterType((*Person)(nil), "testprotobuf.Person")
    proto.RegisterType((*ContactBook)(nil), "testprotobuf.ContactBook")
}

func init() { proto.RegisterFile("test.proto", fileDescriptor_c161fcfdc0c3ff1e) }

var fileDescriptor_c161fcfdc0c3ff1e = []byte{
    // 221 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
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}