## 基本介绍
交叉编译是为了在不同平台编译出其他平台的程序,比如在Linux编译出Windows程序,在Windows能编译出Linux程序,32位系统下编译出64位程序,今天介绍的gox就是其中一款交叉编译工具。
## 配置环境
首先配置好Go语言的环境变量,并在`~/.bash_profile`中设置,简单说明一下为什么要添加至该文件,首先以下代码在终端执行完成后只对当前会话有效,关闭终端变量就失效了,而`.bash_profile`文件在用户每次登录时都会执行一次,把环境变量设置到该文件中,每次登录都会初始化环境变量。当然,放在`~/.bashrc`中也是可以的,它不仅会在登录时执行,还会在每次打开终端时执行。
```bash
export GOPATH=${HOME}/go
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export GOBIN=${GOPATH}/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:${GOBIN}
```
GOROOT与GOPATH要根据自身情况设置,不要盲目跟从,设置完成后若要该文件立即生效,可以执行`source`命令。
```bash
source ~/.bash_profile
```
如果你的终端装了`zsh`,可能重新打开终端后依然会失效,那么可以在`~/.zshrc`文件的最后一行追加上`source`指令。
```bash
source ~/.bash_profile
```
## gox的安装
在终端执行以下指令进行安装。
```bash
go get github.com/mitchellh/gox
```
安装结束后,执行`gox -h`,如果有展示帮助信息,代表安装成功。
```bash
➜ ~ gox -h
Usage: gox [options] [packages]
Gox cross-compiles Go applications in parallel.
If no specific operating systems or architectures are specified, Gox
will build for all pairs supported by your version of Go.
......
```
## gox的使用
按照惯例,我们先祭出`hello,world`的演示代码。
```go
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Print("hello,world")
}
```
此时进入项目中的工作目录($GOPATH/src/[你的项目名]),直接执行`gox`命令,会生成多达21个不同平台的可执行文件,横跨linux、windows、freebsd、darwin等系统。
```bash
➜ hello gox
Number of parallel builds: 3
--> linux/amd64: hello
--> openbsd/amd64: hello
--> darwin/386: hello
--> linux/mipsle: hello
--> windows/386: hello
--> windows/amd64: hello
--> darwin/amd64: hello
--> linux/386: hello
--> linux/s390x: hello
--> netbsd/386: hello
--> linux/arm: hello
--> freebsd/386: hello
--> netbsd/amd64: hello
--> freebsd/arm: hello
--> freebsd/amd64: hello
--> openbsd/386: hello
--> linux/mips64: hello
--> linux/mips: hello
--> linux/mips64le: hello
--> netbsd/arm: hello
```
但我并不想一次生成所有平台的程序,这时就需要gox的参数进行指定,如下所示,`os`参数指定要生成的系统名称,`arch`指定CPU的架构。
```bash
gox -os "windows" -arch amd64
```
其实它所支持的并不止21款,这些只是默认生成的,下面是gox对各种系统的定义,感兴趣的同学可以自行了解。
```go
Platforms_1_0 = []Platform{
{"darwin", "386", true},
{"darwin", "amd64", true},
{"linux", "386", true},
{"linux", "amd64", true},
{"linux", "arm", true},
{"freebsd", "386", true},
{"freebsd", "amd64", true},
{"openbsd", "386", true},
{"openbsd", "amd64", true},
{"windows", "386", true},
{"windows", "amd64", true},
}
Platforms_1_1 = append(Platforms_1_0, []Platform{
{"freebsd", "arm", true},
{"netbsd", "386", true},
{"netbsd", "amd64", true},
{"netbsd", "arm", true},
{"plan9", "386", false},
}...)
Platforms_1_3 = append(Platforms_1_1, []Platform{
{"dragonfly", "386", false},
{"dragonfly", "amd64", false},
{"nacl", "amd64", false},
{"nacl", "amd64p32", false},
{"nacl", "arm", false},
{"solaris", "amd64", false},
}...)
Platforms_1_4 = append(Platforms_1_3, []Platform{
{"android", "arm", false},
{"plan9", "amd64", false},
}...)
Platforms_1_5 = append(Platforms_1_4, []Platform{
{"darwin", "arm", false},
{"darwin", "arm64", false},
{"linux", "arm64", false},
{"linux", "ppc64", false},
{"linux", "ppc64le", false},
}...)
Platforms_1_6 = append(Platforms_1_5, []Platform{
{"android", "386", false},
{"linux", "mips64", false},
{"linux", "mips64le", false},
}...)
Platforms_1_7 = append(Platforms_1_5, []Platform{
// While not fully supported s390x is generally useful
{"linux", "s390x", true},
{"plan9", "arm", false},
// Add the 1.6 Platforms, but reflect full support for mips64 and mips64le
{"android", "386", false},
{"linux", "mips64", true},
{"linux", "mips64le", true},
}...)
Platforms_1_8 = append(Platforms_1_7, []Platform{
{"linux", "mips", true},
{"linux", "mipsle", true},
}...)
```
除了刚才的命令外还有另一种生成方式,用斜杠的方式将系统与架构合并批量生成。
```bash
gox -osarch "windows/amd64 linux/amd64"
```
赶紧把你生成的程序发给小伙伴执行试试吧,以上就是本文全部内容,感谢阅读。
有疑问加站长微信联系(非本文作者))