In Go it's idiomatic to communicate errors via an explicit, separate return value. this constrasts errors via an explicit, separate return value. This constrasts with the exceptions used in languages like Java and Ruby and the overloaded single result / error value sometimes used in C. Go's approach makes it easy to see which functions return errors and to handle them using the same language constructs employed for any other, non-error tasks
package main import ( "errors" "fmt" ) func f1(arg int) (int, error) { if arg == 42 { return -1, errors.New("can't work with 42") } return arg + 3, nil } type argError struct { arg int prob string } func (e *argError) Error() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%d - %s", e.arg, e.prob) } func f2(arg int) (int, error) { if arg == 42 { return -1, &argError{arg, "can't work with it"} } return arg + 3, nil } func main() { for _, i := range []int{7, 42} { if r, e := f1(i); e != nil { fmt.Println("f1 failed : ", e) } else { fmt.Println("f2 worked : ", r) } } for _, i := range []int{7, 42} { if r, e := f2(i); e != nil { fmt.Println("f2 failed : ", e) } else { fmt.Println("f2 worked : ", r) } } _, e := f2(42) if ae, ok := e.(*argError); ok { fmt.Println(ae.arg) fmt.Println(ae.prob) } }
f2 worked : 10 f1 failed : can't work with 42 f2 worked : 10 f2 failed : 42 - can't work with it 42 can't work with it
总结 :
1 : golang 的 内建函数 builtin.go 里面定义了 type error interface{ Error() string }; 实现了这个方法就是 自定义的 Error(查看源码 command + shift + 鼠标左键)
2 : ....
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