防止缓存击穿工具 singlefight 解读

缓存击穿

缓存击穿是指当缓存中的一个key过期时，对此数据的大量并发请求在缓存未重新生成时，会请求到数据库上。导致数据库的崩溃。

解决方案

大量并发请求的都是一个数据，只需要一个请求到达数据库然后设置缓存即可。所以需要控制其他请求等缓存生成之后再继续进行。

singleflight

singleflight是groupCache中的一个工具。它的作用是：

Package singleflight provides a duplicate function call suppression mechanism.

翻译过来意思是：包singleflight提供了一个重复的函数调用抑制机制。
即singleflight可以让多次相同的函数调用实际上只执行一次，把第一次的执行结果直接赋值给其他调用。

代码

singleflight代码一共只有一百多行

// Copyright 2013 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// Package singleflight provides a duplicate function call suppression
// mechanism.
package singleflight // import "golang.org/x/sync/singleflight"

import "sync"

// call is an in-flight or completed singleflight.Do call
type call struct {
    wg sync.WaitGroup

    // These fields are written once before the WaitGroup is done
    // and are only read after the WaitGroup is done.
    val interface{}
    err error

    // forgotten indicates whether Forget was called with this call's key
    // while the call was still in flight.
    forgotten bool

    // These fields are read and written with the singleflight
    // mutex held before the WaitGroup is done, and are read but
    // not written after the WaitGroup is done.
    dups  int
    chans []chan<- Result
}

// Group represents a class of work and forms a namespace in
// which units of work can be executed with duplicate suppression.
type Group struct {
    mu sync.Mutex       // protects m
    m  map[string]*call // lazily initialized
}

// Result holds the results of Do, so they can be passed
// on a channel.
type Result struct {
    Val    interface{}
    Err    error
    Shared bool
}

// Do executes and returns the results of the given function, making
// sure that only one execution is in-flight for a given key at a
// time. If a duplicate comes in, the duplicate caller waits for the
// original to complete and receives the same results.
// The return value shared indicates whether v was given to multiple callers.
func (g *Group) Do(key string, fn func() (interface{}, error)) (v interface{}, err error, shared bool) {
    g.mu.Lock()
    if g.m == nil {
        g.m = make(map[string]*call)
    }
    if c, ok := g.m[key]; ok {
        c.dups++
        g.mu.Unlock()
        c.wg.Wait()
        return c.val, c.err, true
    }
    c := new(call)
    c.wg.Add(1)
    g.m[key] = c
    g.mu.Unlock()

    g.doCall(c, key, fn)
    return c.val, c.err, c.dups > 0
}

// DoChan is like Do but returns a channel that will receive the
// results when they are ready.
func (g *Group) DoChan(key string, fn func() (interface{}, error)) <-chan Result {
    ch := make(chan Result, 1)
    g.mu.Lock()
    if g.m == nil {
        g.m = make(map[string]*call)
    }
    if c, ok := g.m[key]; ok {
        c.dups++
        c.chans = append(c.chans, ch)
        g.mu.Unlock()
        return ch
    }
    c := &call{chans: []chan<- Result{ch}}
    c.wg.Add(1)
    g.m[key] = c
    g.mu.Unlock()

    go g.doCall(c, key, fn)

    return ch
}

// doCall handles the single call for a key.
func (g *Group) doCall(c *call, key string, fn func() (interface{}, error)) {
    c.val, c.err = fn()
    c.wg.Done()

    g.mu.Lock()
    if !c.forgotten {
        delete(g.m, key)
    }
    for _, ch := range c.chans {
        ch <- Result{c.val, c.err, c.dups > 0}
    }
    g.mu.Unlock()
}

// Forget tells the singleflight to forget about a key.  Future calls
// to Do for this key will call the function rather than waiting for
// an earlier call to complete.
func (g *Group) Forget(key string) {
    g.mu.Lock()
    if c, ok := g.m[key]; ok {
        c.forgotten = true
    }
    delete(g.m, key)
    g.mu.Unlock()
}

思路就是每次使用singleflight进行函数调用，就会查看Group里有没有已注册的相同调用。如果有则等待调用完成，并返回其结果。如果没有，则注册一个，并且执行函数。执行完成后，将注册的调用删掉。

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