Wasmtime是由 bytecodealliance 开源的WebAssembly和WASI的小型高效运行时。它在Web外部运行WebAssembly代码,既可以用作命令行实用程序,也可以用作更大应用程序中嵌入的库。
具备以下特点:
轻量级
。Wasmtime是WebAssembly的独立运行时,可根据您的需求进行扩展。它适合于微型芯片,也可以使用大型服务器。 Wasmtime也可以嵌入几乎所有应用程序中。快
。Wasmtime建立在优化的Cranelift代码生成器上,可在运行时快速生成高质量的机器代码。可配置
。无论您是需要提前预编译wasm,使用Lightbeam快速生成代码还是在运行时进行解释,Wasmtime都能满足您执行wasm的所有需求。WASI
。Wasmtime支持一组丰富的API,用于通过WASI标准与主机环境进行交互。标准
。Wasmtime通过了官方的WebAssembly测试套件,实现了wasm的官方C API,并且还实现了WebAssembly的proposals。 Wasmtime开发人员也一直与WebAssembly标准流程密切相关。
目前支持语言:
- Rust - the
["https://crates.io/crates/wasmtime">wasmtime crate](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/224862650/%3C/code)
- C - the
f="https://bytecodealliance.github.io/wasmtime/c-api/">wasm.h, wasi.h, and wasmtime.h headers
- Python - the
["https://pypi.org/project/wasmtime/">wasmtime PyPI package](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/224862650/%3C/code)
- .NET - the
["https://www.nuget.org/packages/Wasmtime">Wasmtime NuGet package](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/224862650/%3C/code)
- Go - the
[wasmtime-go repository](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/224862650/ht%3C/code%3Etps://pkg.go.dev/github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime-go)
安装
在macos和linux上安装Wasmtime CLI非常简单,只需执行以下命令即可:
$ curl https://wasmtime.dev/install.sh -sSf | bash
Windows或是其他操作系统用户,需要到 GitHub Releases 下载。
由于我的操作系统是centos,所以可能展现的与您有所不同。我执行安装脚本之后,有如下输出:
curl https://wasmtime.dev/install.sh -sSf | bash
Installing latest version of Wasmtime (dev)
Checking for existing Wasmtime installation
Fetching archive for Linux, version dev
https://github.com/cranestation/wasmtime/releases/download/dev/wasmtime-dev-x86_64-linux.tar.xz
######################################################################## 100.0%
Creating directory layout
Extracting Wasmtime binaries
wasmtime-dev-x86_64-linux/
wasmtime-dev-x86_64-linux/wasmtime
wasmtime-dev-x86_64-linux/LICENSE
wasmtime-dev-x86_64-linux/README.md
Editing user profile (/root/.bashrc)
Warning: Your profile (/root/.bashrc) already mentions Wasmtime and has not been changed.
Finished installation. Open a new terminal to start using Wasmtime!
然后我们检查以下是否成功安装了wasmtime:
# wasmtime
wasmtime 0.19.0
Wasmtime WebAssembly Runtime
USAGE:
wasmtime <SUBCOMMAND>
FLAGS:
-h, --help Prints help information
-V, --version Prints version information
SUBCOMMANDS:
config Controls Wasmtime configuration settings
help Prints this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
run Runs a WebAssembly module
wasm2obj Translates a WebAssembly module to native object file
wast Runs a WebAssembly test script file
If a subcommand is not provided, the `run` subcommand will be used.
Usage examples:
Running a WebAssembly module with a start function:
wasmtime example.wasm
Passing command line arguments to a WebAssembly module:
wasmtime example.wasm arg1 arg2 arg3
Invoking a specific function (e.g. `add`) in a WebAssembly module:
wasmtime example.wasm --invoke add 1 2
安装完毕,我们接下来Hello world搞起。
Demo
Wasmtime可作为Go模块使用。接下来介绍如何将Wasmtime添加到您的项目中,并提供一些示例说明可以使用WebAssembly模块完成的操作。
确保您正在使用带有模块支持的Go 1.12或更高版本。
首先创建一个go 模块项目:
$ mkdir hello-wasm
$ cd hello-wasm
$ go mod init hello-wasm
然后编写main.go,具体代码如下:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime-go"
)
func main() {
engine := wasmtime.NewEngine()
// Almost all operations in wasmtime require a contextual `store`
// argument to share, so create that first
store := wasmtime.NewStore(engine)
// Compiling modules requires WebAssembly binary input, but the wasmtime
// package also supports converting the WebAssembly text format to the
// binary format.
wasm, err := wasmtime.Wat2Wasm(`
(module
(import "" "hello" (func $hello))
(func (export "run")
(call $hello))
)
`)
check(err)
// Once we have our binary `wasm` we can compile that into a `*Module`
// which represents compiled JIT code.
module, err := wasmtime.NewModule(engine, wasm)
check(err)
// Our `hello.wat` file imports one item, so we create that function
// here.
item := wasmtime.WrapFunc(store, func() {
fmt.Println("Hello from Go!")
})
// Next up we instantiate a module which is where we link in all our
// imports. We've got one import so we pass that in here.
instance, err := wasmtime.NewInstance(store, module, []*wasmtime.Extern{item.AsExtern()})
check(err)
// After we've instantiated we can lookup our `run` function and call
// it.
run := instance.GetExport("run").Func()
_, err = run.Call()
check(err)
}
func check(e error) {
if e != nil {
panic(e)
}
}
最后运行:
$ go run main.go
Hello from Go!
当然当我们wasm模块代码比较庞大的时候,我们可以将该代码放到一个以.wat结尾的文件中。然后使用 NewModuleFromFile 函数,从指定wat文件中加载模块代码。
例如:
我们创建以下wasm 文本模块,主要导出用于计算两个数字的最大公分母的函数。命名为gcd.wat。
(module
(func $gcd (param i32 i32) (result i32)
(local i32)
block ;; label = @1
block ;; label = @2
local.get 0
br_if 0 (;@2;)
local.get 1
local.set 2
br 1 (;@1;)
end
loop ;; label = @2
local.get 1
local.get 0
local.tee 2
i32.rem_u
local.set 0
local.get 2
local.set 1
local.get 0
br_if 0 (;@2;)
end
end
local.get 2
)
(export "gcd" (func $gcd))
)
然后修改我们的main.go文件,如下:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime-go"
)
func main() {
engine := wasmtime.NewEngine()
store := wasmtime.NewStore(engine)
module, err := wasmtime.NewModuleFromFile(engine, "gcd.wat")
check(err)
instance, err := wasmtime.NewInstance(store, module, []*wasmtime.Extern{})
check(err)
gcd := instance.GetExport("gcd").Func()
val, err := gcd.Call(6, 27)
fmt.Printf("gcd(6, 27) = %dn", val.(int32))
check(err)
}
func check(e error) {
if e != nil {
panic(e)
}
}
运行main.go 有如下输出:
$ go run main.go
gcd(6, 27) = 3
结语
其实wasm对于go的支持并不是特别好。在以后的文章中,我们使用rust语言创建一个wasm程序,然后直接使用诸如wasmtime example.wasm
执行。
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