Golang组件化网络服务器框架Halia指南

写在前面
在netty框架面世之前，几乎没有一个成熟的OOP/组件化规范指导网络服务器开发，一些常用的FrameDecoder,BusinessHandler等等组件紧密耦合在了项目当中，整个项目可以说扩展性比较差。

netty的出现可以说是划时代的，基于OOP/组件化屏蔽了底层 BlockingIO/NonBlockingIO/AsynchrousIO之间的差异，各种组件可以无缝切换，网络服务器开发效率有了非常大的提高。

通过阅读netty源码，以及核心组件的架构，基于Golang进行了实现，至此，Golang的Halia框架面世了！

Halia特性
组件化/可扩展
Halia框架面向接口编程，并提供默认实现，同时内置常用的解码器，真正做到开箱即用。

高性能
基于Golang原生网络库进行开发，无第三方依赖，性能有保障。

易用性
Halia框架采用极简设计，没有冗余代码，并附带3个常用解码器示例，助您基于Halia快速开始开发。

开源免费
Halia框架基于MIT开源协议发布，无论是商用以及非商用都可以免费试用。

社区驱动
Halia框架托管于Github，任何人都可以贡献一臂之力。

快速开始
接下来将演示如何开发一个时间回显服务器。

客户端每隔1秒发送时间字符串给服务器，服务器回显该数据。

公用代码
encoder.go
字符串编码器，将字符串转换为[]byte传输到下一个出站处理器

package main

import (
 "halia/channel"
)

type StringToByteEncoder struct{}
// 编码器不处理处理，交由下一个处理器(也就是业务处理器)处理
func (e *StringToByteEncoder) OnError(c channel.HandlerContext, err error) {
 c.FireOnError(err)
}

func (e *StringToByteEncoder) Write(c channel.HandlerContext, msg interface{}) error {
 if str, ok := msg.(string); ok { // string才转换
  return c.Write([]byte(str))
 }
 return c.Write(msg)
}

func (e *StringToByteEncoder) Flush(c channel.HandlerContext) error {
 return c.Flush()
}

客户端代码
handler.go
客户端业务处理代码。

package main

import (
 "fmt"
 log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 "halia/channel"
 "strings"
 "time"
)

type EchoClientHandler struct {
 log *log.Entry
}

func NewEchoClientHandler() *EchoClientHandler {
 return &EchoClientHandler{
  log: log.WithField("component", "EchoClientHandler"),
 }
}
// 发送错误回调
func (p *EchoClientHandler) OnError(c channel.HandlerContext, err error) {
 p.log.WithField("peer", c.Channel().RemoteAddr()).Warnln("error caught", err)
}
// 连接已建立
func (p *EchoClientHandler) ChannelActive(c channel.HandlerContext) {
 p.log.WithField("peer", c.Channel().RemoteAddr()).Infoln("connected")

 if err := c.WriteAndFlush("Hello World\r\n"); err != nil {
  p.log.WithError(err).Warnln("write error")
 }
 p.log.Infof("pipeline in: %v", strings.Join(c.Pipeline().InboundNames(), "->"))
 p.log.Infof("pipeline out: %v", strings.Join(c.Pipeline().OutboundNames(), "->"))
}

// 连接已断开
func (p *EchoClientHandler) ChannelInActive(c channel.HandlerContext) {
 p.log.WithField("peer", c.Channel().RemoteAddr()).Infoln("disconnected")
}

// 读取到完整的消息回调
func (p *EchoClientHandler) ChannelRead(c channel.HandlerContext, msg interface{}) {
 data, ok := msg.([]byte)
 if !ok {
  p.log.WithField("peer", c.Channel().RemoteAddr()).Warnf("unknown msg type: %+v", msg)
  return
 }
 str := string(data)
 p.log.WithField("peer", c.Channel().RemoteAddr()).Infoln("receive ", str)
    // 1秒后发送数据给服务器
 time.AfterFunc(time.Second, func() {
  if err := c.WriteAndFlush(fmt.Sprintf("client say:%s\r\n", time.Now().String())); err != nil {
   p.log.WithError(err).Warnln("write error")
  }
 })
}

main.go

package main

import (
 log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 "halia/bootstrap"
 "halia/channel"
 "halia/handler/codec"
 "net"
 "os"
)

func init() {
 log.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
 log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
}

func main() {
 client := bootstrap.NewClient(&bootstrap.ClientOptions{
        // 将原始net.Conn包装为Channel实现，一般情况下用DefaultChannel即可
  ChannelFactory: func(conn net.Conn) channel.Channel {
   c := channel.NewDefaultChannel(conn)
            // 添加解码器，换行符分割报文解码器
   c.Pipeline().AddInbound("decoder", codec.NewLineBasedFrameDecoder())
            // 添加业务处理器
   c.Pipeline().AddInbound("handler", NewEchoClientHandler())
            // 添加编码器
   c.Pipeline().AddOutbound("encoder", &StringToByteEncoder{})
   return c
  },
 })
 // 连接服务器
 log.WithField("component", "client").Fatal(client.Dial("tcp", "127.0.0.1:8080"))
}

服务端代码
handler.go

package main

import (
 log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 "halia/bootstrap"
 "halia/channel"
 "halia/handler/codec"
 "net"
 "os"
)

func init() {
 log.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
 log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
}

func main() {
 s := bootstrap.NewServer(&bootstrap.ServerOptions{
  ChannelFactory: func(conn net.Conn) channel.Channel {
   c := channel.NewDefaultChannel(conn)
   c.Pipeline().AddInbound("decoder", codec.NewLineBasedFrameDecoder())
   c.Pipeline().AddInbound("handler", NewEchoServerHandler())
   c.Pipeline().AddOutbound("encoder", &StringToByteEncoder{})
   return c
  },
 })

 log.WithField("component", "server").Fatal(s.Listen("tcp", "0.0.0.0:8080"))
}

运行
先运行服务端，再运行客户端。

服务端输出

time="2021-01-12T11:30:13+08:00" level=info msg=started addr="0.0.0.0:8080" component=server network=tcp pid=7584
time="2021-01-12T11:30:13+08:00" level=info msg=initialized component=channelId machineId=a0c5895a25a3 pid=7584
time="2021-01-12T11:30:18+08:00" level=info msg=connected component=EchoServerHandler peer="127.0.0.1:57641"
time="2021-01-12T11:30:18+08:00" level=info msg="pipeline in: InHeadContext->decoder->handler" component=EchoServerHandler
time="2021-01-12T11:30:18+08:00" level=info msg="pipeline out: OutHeadContext->encoder->OutTailContext" component=EchoServerHandler
time="2021-01-12T11:30:18+08:00" level=info msg="receive  Hello World" component=EchoServerHandler peer="127.0.0.1:57641"
time="2021-01-12T11:30:19+08:00" level=info msg="receive  client say:2021-01-12 11:30:19.5192868 +0800 CST m=+1.046443501" component=EchoServerHandler peer="127.0.0.1:57641"
time="2021-01-12T11:30:20+08:00" level=info msg="receive  client say:2021-01-12 11:30:20.5193884 +0800 CST m=+2.046545101" component=EchoServerHandler peer="127.0.0.1:57641"
time="2021-01-12T11:30:21+08:00" level=info msg="receive  client say:2021-01-12 11:30:21.5345887 +0800 CST m=+3.061745401" component=EchoServerHandler peer="127.0.0.1:57641"
time="2021-01-12T11:30:22+08:00" level=info msg="receive  client say:2021-01-12 11:30:22.5459978 +0800 CST m=+4.073154501" component=EchoServerHandler peer="127.0.0.1:57641"

客户端输出

time="2021-01-12T11:30:18+08:00" level=info msg=connected component=EchoClientHandler peer="127.0.0.1:8080"
time="2021-01-12T11:30:18+08:00" level=info msg="pipeline in: InHeadContext->decoder->handler" component=EchoClientHandler
time="2021-01-12T11:30:18+08:00" level=info msg="pipeline out: OutHeadContext->encoder->OutTailContext" component=EchoClientHandler
time="2021-01-12T11:30:18+08:00" level=info msg="receive  server:Hello World" component=EchoClientHandler peer="127.0.0.1:8080"
time="2021-01-12T11:30:18+08:00" level=info msg=initialized component=channelId machineId=a0c5895a25a3 pid=960
time="2021-01-12T11:30:19+08:00" level=info msg="receive  server:client say:2021-01-12 11:30:19.5192868 +0800 CST m=+1.046443501" component=EchoClientHandler peer="127.0.0.1:8080"
time="2021-01-12T11:30:20+08:00" level=info msg="receive  server:client say:2021-01-12 11:30:20.5193884 +0800 CST m=+2.046545101" component=EchoClientHandler peer="127.0.0.1:8080"
time="2021-01-12T11:30:21+08:00" level=info msg="receive  server:client say:2021-01-12 11:30:21.5345887 +0800 CST m=+3.061745401" component=EchoClientHandler peer="127.0.0.1:8080"
time="2021-01-12T11:30:22+08:00" level=info msg="receive  server:client say:2021-01-12 11:30:22.5459978 +0800 CST m=+4.073154501" component=EchoClientHandler peer="127.0.0.1:8080"

写在后面
Halia期待您的贡献！

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