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在上一篇基于Docker进行Golang开发文章中对Docker进行了安装,并对如何用Docker进行Golang开发进行了描述,本文再对Docker命令进行讲解。
查看Docker命令
➜ tonny@tonny-pc ~ docker -h
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
docker [ --help | -v | --version ]
A self-sufficient runtime for containers.
Options:
--config=~/.docker Location of client config files
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host=[] Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-h, --help Print usage
-l, --log-level=info Set the logging level
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert=~/.docker/ca.pem Trust certs signed only by this CA
--tlscert=~/.docker/cert.pem Path to TLS certificate file
--tlskey=~/.docker/key.pem Path to TLS key file
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Commands:
attach Attach to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on a container, image or task
kill Kill one or more running container
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry.
logout Log out from a Docker registry.
logs Fetch the logs of a container
network Manage Docker networks
node Manage Docker Swarm nodes
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart a container
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
service Manage Docker services
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
swarm Manage Docker Swarm
tag Tag an image into a repository
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
volume Manage Docker volumes
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
attach Attach to a running container
--将终端依附到容器上
- 运行一个交互型容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash [root@f0a02b473067 /]#
- 在另一个窗口上查看该容器的状态
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d4a75f165ce6 centos "/bin/bash" 5 seconds ago Up 5 seconds cranky_mahavira
- 退出第一步中运行的容器
[root@d4a75f165ce6 /]# exit exit
- 查看该容器的状态
``` bash
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d4a75f165ce6 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 23 seconds ago cranky_mahavira
可见此时容器的状态是Exited,那么,如何再次运行这个容器呢?可以使用docker start命令。 - 再次运行该容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker start cranky_mahavira cranky_mahavira
- 再次查看该容器的状态
因为该容器是交互型的,但此刻我们发现没有具体的终端可以与之交互,这时可使用attach命令。[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d4a75f165ce6 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 29 seconds cranky_mahavira
- 通过attach命令进行交互
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach cranky_mahavira [root@d4a75f165ce6 /]#
build Build an image **from a Dockerfile **
--通过Dockerfile创建镜像
commit Create a **new image from a container's changes**
--通过容器创建本地镜像
注意:如果是要push到docker hub中,注意生成镜像的命名。
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit centos_v1 centos:v1
68ad49c999496cff25fdda58f0521530a143d3884e61bce7ada09bdc22337638
[root@localhost ~]# docker push centos:v1
You cannot push a "root" repository. Please rename your repository to <user>/<repo> (ex: <user>/centos)
用centos:v1就不行,因为它push到docker hub中时,是推送到相应用户下,必须指定用户名。譬如我的用户名是ivictor,则新生成的本地镜像命名为: docker push victor/centos:v1,其中v1是tag,可不写,默认是latest。
cp Copy file/folders from a container to a HOSTDIR or to STDOUT
--在宿主机和容器之间相互COPY文件
cp的用法如下:
Usage:
docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:PATH LOCALPATH|-
docker cp [OPTIONS] LOCALPATH|- CONTAINER:PATH
create Create a new container
--创建一个新的容器,注意,此时,容器的status只是Created
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
--查看容器内发生改变的文件,以我的mysql容器为例
events Get real time events from the server --实时输出Docker服务器端的事件,包括容器的创建,启动,关闭等。
exec Run a command in a running container
--用于容器启动之后,执行其它的任务
通过exec命令可以创建两种任务:后台型任务和交互型任务
#后台型任务:
[root@localhost ~]#docker exec -d cc touch 123 #其中cc是容器名
#交互型任务:
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -i -t cc /bin/bash
root@1e5bb46d801b:/# ls
123 bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
--将容器的文件系统打包成tar文件
有两种方式:
[root@localhost ~]# docker export -o mysqldb1.tar mysqldb
[root@localhost ~]# docker export mysqldb > mysqldb.tar
history Show the history of an image
--显示镜像制作的过程,相当于dockfile
images List images
--列出本机的所有镜像
import Import the contents **from a tarball to create a filesystem image **
--根据tar文件的内容新建一个镜像,与之前的export命令相对应
info Display system-wide information
--查看docker的系统信息
inspect Return low-level information on a container or image
--用于查看容器的配置信息,包含容器名、环境变量、运行命令、主机配置、网络配置和数据卷配置等。
kill Kill a running container
--强制终止容器
关于stop和kill的区别,docker stop命令给容器中的进程发送SIGTERM信号,默认行为是会导致容器退出,当然, 容器内程序可以捕获该信号并自行处理,例如可以选择忽略。而docker kill则是给容器的进程发送SIGKILL信号,该信号将会使容器必然退出。
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
--与下面的save命令相对应,将下面sava命令打包的镜像通过load命令导入
login Register or log in to a Docker registry --登录到自己的Docker register,需有Docker Hub的注册账号
logout Logout from a Docker registry
--退出登录
logs Fetch the logs of a container
--用于查看容器的日志,它将输出到标准输出的数据作为日志输出到docker logs命令的终端上。常用于后台型容器
pause Pause all processes within a container
--暂停容器内的所有进程, 此时,通过docker stats可以观察到此时的资源使用情况是固定不变的, 通过docker logs -f也观察不到日志的进一步输出。
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER
--输出容器端口与宿主机端口的映射情况
ps List containers
--列出所有容器,其中docker ps用于查看正在运行的容器,ps -a则用于查看所有容器。
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
--从docker hub中下载镜像
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
--将本地的镜像上传到docker hub中 前提是你要先用docker login登录上,不然会报错误。
rename Rename a container
--更改容器的名字
restart Restart a running container
--重启容器
rm Remove one or more containers
--删除容器
注意,不可以删除一个运行中的容器,必须先用docker stop或docker kill使其停止。 当然可以强制删除,必须加-f参数 如果要一次性删除所有容器,可使用 docker rm -f docker ps -a -q
,其中,-q指的是只列出容器的ID。
rmi Remove one or more images
--删除镜像
run Run a command in a new container
--让创建的容器立刻进入运行状态,该命令等同于docker create创建容器后再使用docker start启动容器
save Save an image(s) to a tar archive
--将镜像打包,与上面的load命令相对应
search Search the Docker Hub for images
--从Docker Hub中搜索镜像
start Start one or more stopped containers
--启动容器
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
--动态显示容器的资源消耗情况,包括:CPU、内存、网络I/O
stop Stop a running container
--停止一个运行的容器
tag Tag an image into a repository
--对镜像进行重命名
top Display the running processes of a container
--查看容器中正在运行的进程
unpause Unpause all processes within a container
--恢复容器内暂停的进程,与pause参数相对应。
version Show the Docker version information
--查看docker的版本
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
--捕捉容器停止时的退出码
执行此命令后,该命令会“hang”在当前终端,直到容器停止,此时,会打印出容器的退出码。
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