利用Go的 container/heap 可以很方便的实现堆排序的队列，heap包中的示例代码有一个优先级队列的实现，但是并不是线程安全的，因此，要实现线程安全的优先级队列，需要堆示例代码稍作修改，
下面为 container/heap 包的示例代码：
// This example demonstrates a priority queue built using the heap interface.
package main
import (
"container/heap"
"fmt"
)
// An Item is something we manage in a priority queue.
type Item struct {
value string // The value of the item; arbitrary.
priority int // The priority of the item in the queue.
// The index is needed by update and is maintained by the heap.Interface methods.
index int // The index of the item in the heap.
}
// A PriorityQueue implements heap.Interface and holds Items.
type PriorityQueue []*Item
func (pq PriorityQueue) Len() int { return len(pq) }
func (pq PriorityQueue) Less(i, j int) bool {
// We want Pop to give us the highest, not lowest, priority so we use greater than here.
return pq[i].priority > pq[j].priority
}
func (pq PriorityQueue) Swap(i, j int) {
pq[i], pq[j] = pq[j], pq[i]
pq[i].index = i
pq[j].index = j
}
func (pq *PriorityQueue) Push(x interface{}) {
n := len(*pq)
item := x.(*Item)
item.index = n
*pq = append(*pq, item)
}
func (pq *PriorityQueue) Pop() interface{} {
old := *pq
n := len(old)
item := old[n-1]
item.index = -1 // for safety
*pq = old[0 : n-1]
return item
}
// update modifies the priority and value of an Item in the queue.
func (pq *PriorityQueue) update(item *Item, value string, priority int) {
item.value = value
item.priority = priority
heap.Fix(pq, item.index)
}
// This example creates a PriorityQueue with some items, adds and manipulates an item,
// and then removes the items in priority order.
func main() {
// Some items and their priorities.
items := map[string]int{
"banana": 3, "apple": 2, "pear": 4,
}
// Create a priority queue, put the items in it, and
// establish the priority queue (heap) invariants.
pq := make(PriorityQueue, len(items))
i := 0
for value, priority := range items {
pq[i] = &Item{
value: value,
priority: priority,
index: i,
}
i++
}
heap.Init(&pq)
// Insert a new item and then modify its priority.
item := &Item{
value: "orange",
priority: 1,
}
heap.Push(&pq, item)
pq.update(item, item.value, 5)
// Take the items out; they arrive in decreasing priority order.
for pq.Len() > 0 {
item := heap.Pop(&pq).(*Item)
fmt.Printf("%.2d:%s ", item.priority, item.value)
}
}
比特翼 http://www.bityeah.com 热门文章的实现代码如下：
package priorityqueue
import (
"container/heap"
"sort"
"sync"
)
// An Item is something we manage in a priority queue.
type Item struct {
Key interface{} //The unique key of the item.
Value interface{} // The value of the item; arbitrary.
Priority int // The priority of the item in the queue.
// The index is needed by update and is maintained by the heap.Interface methods.
Index int // The index of the item in the heap.
}
type ItemSlice struct {
items []*Item
itemsMap map[interface{}]*Item
}
func (s ItemSlice) Len() int { return len(s.items) }
func (s ItemSlice) Less(i, j int) bool {
return s.items[i].Priority < s.items[j].Priority
}
func (s ItemSlice) Swap(i, j int) {
s.items[i], s.items[j] = s.items[j], s.items[i]
s.items[i].Index = i
s.items[j].Index = j
if s.itemsMap != nil {
s.itemsMap[s.items[i].Key] = s.items[i]
s.itemsMap[s.items[j].Key] = s.items[j]
}
}
func (s *ItemSlice) Push(x interface{}) {
n := len(s.items)
item := x.(*Item)
item.Index = n
s.items = append(s.items, item)
s.itemsMap[item.Key] = item
}
func (s *ItemSlice) Pop() interface{} {
old := s.items
n := len(old)
item := old[n-1]
item.Index = -1 // for safety
delete(s.itemsMap, item.Key)
s.items = old[0 : n-1]
return item
}
// update modifies the priority and value of an Item in the queue.
func (s *ItemSlice) update(key interface{}, value interface{}, priority int) {
item := s.itemByKey(key)
if item != nil {
s.updateItem(item, value, priority)
}
}
// update modifies the priority and value of an Item in the queue.
func (s *ItemSlice) updateItem(item *Item, value interface{}, priority int) {
item.Value = value
item.Priority = priority
heap.Fix(s, item.Index)
}
func (s *ItemSlice) itemByKey(key interface{}) *Item {
if item, found := s.itemsMap[key]; found {
return item
}
return nil
}
// A PriorityQueue implements heap.Interface and holds Items.
type PriorityQueue struct {
slice ItemSlice
maxSize int
mutex sync.RWMutex
}
func (pq *PriorityQueue) Init(maxSize int) {
pq.slice.items = make([]*Item, 0, pq.maxSize)
pq.slice.itemsMap = make(map[interface{}]*Item)
pq.maxSize = maxSize
}
func (pq PriorityQueue) Len() int {
pq.mutex.RLock()
size := pq.slice.Len()
pq.mutex.RUnlock()
return size
}
func (pq *PriorityQueue) minItem() *Item {
len := pq.slice.Len()
if len == 0 {
return nil
}
return pq.slice.items[0]
}
func (pq *PriorityQueue) MinItem() *Item {
pq.mutex.RLock()
defer pq.mutex.RUnlock()
return pq.minItem()
}
func (pq *PriorityQueue) PushItem(key, value interface{}, priority int) (bPushed bool) {
pq.mutex.Lock()
defer pq.mutex.Unlock()
size := pq.slice.Len()
item := pq.slice.itemByKey(key)
if size > 0 && item != nil {
pq.slice.updateItem(item, value, priority)
return true
}
item = &Item{
Value: value,
Key: key,
Priority: priority,
Index: -1,
}
if pq.maxSize <= 0 || size < pq.maxSize {
heap.Push(&(pq.slice), item)
return true
}
min := pq.minItem()
if min.Priority >= priority {
return false
}
heap.Pop(&(pq.slice))
heap.Push(&(pq.slice), item)
return true
}
func (pq PriorityQueue) GetQueue() []interface{} {
items := pq.GetQueueItems()
values := make([]interface{}, len(items))
for i := 0; i < len(items); i++ {
values[i] = items[i].Value
}
return values
}
func (pq PriorityQueue) GetQueueItems() []*Item {
size := pq.Len()
if size == 0 {
return []*Item{}
}
s := ItemSlice{}
s.items = make([]*Item, size)
pq.mutex.RLock()
for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
s.items[i] = &Item{
Value: pq.slice.items[i].Value,
Priority: pq.slice.items[i].Priority,
}
}
pq.mutex.RUnlock()
sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(s))
return s.items
}
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