在 Go 中使用 Socket.IO
The WebSocket Protocol https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455
https://github.com/googollee/go-socket.io
https://godoc.org/github.com/googollee/go-socket.io
https://godoc.org/github.com/gorilla/websocket
Websocket
Websocket是全双工的基于TCP层的通信协议，为浏览器及网站服务器提供处理流式推送消息的方式。它不同于HTTP协议，但仍依赖HTTP的Upgrade头部进行协议的转换。
websocket 协议通信分为两个部分，先是握手，再是数据传输。
如下就是一个基本的websocket握手的请求与回包。
websocket handshake请求
GET /chat HTTP/1.1
Host: server.example.com
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==
Origin: http://example.com
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat, superchat
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
websocket handshake返回
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Accept: s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo=
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat
根据 RFC 6455 定义，websocket 消息统称为 messages, 一个message可以由多个frame构成，其中frame可以为文本数据，二进制数据或者控制帧等，websocket官方有6种类型并预留了10种类型用于未来的扩展。
Websocket协议中如何确保客户端与服务端接收到握手请求呢？ 这里就要说到HTTP的两个头部字段，Sec-Websocket-Key 与 Sec-Websocket-Accept。
-
首先客户端发起请求，在头部
Sec-Websocket-Key中随机生成 base64 字符串；Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ== -
服务端收到请求后，根据头部
Sec-Websocket-Key与约定的 GUID, [RFC4122])258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11拼接；dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11 -
使用 SHA-1 算法得到拼接的字符串的摘要 hash，最后用 base64 编码放入头部
Sec-Websocket-Accept返回客户端做认证。SHA1= b37a4f2cc0624f1690f64606cf385945b2bec4ea Sec-WebSocket-Accept: s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo=
更详细的说明可以看 RFC 6455 说明，服务端与客户端都有更详细的入参限制。
Data Framing 数据帧
了解完 websocket 握手的大致过程后，这个部分介绍下 websocket 数据帧（这比理解TCP/IP数据帧看着简单很多吧）与分片传输的方式。
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+-------------------------------+
|F|R|R|R| opcode|M| Payload len | Extended payload length |
|I|S|S|S| (4) |A| (7) | (16/64) |
|N|V|V|V| |S| | (if payload len==126/127) |
| |1|2|3| |K| | |
+-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| Extended payload length continued, if payload len == 127 |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-------------------------------+
| |Masking-key, if MASK set to 1 |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Masking-key (continued) | Payload Data |
+-------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
: Payload Data continued ... :
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| Payload Data continued ... |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
FIN: 表示是否为最后一个数据帧的标记位
-
opcode: 表示传输的 Payload 数据格式，如1表示纯文本（utf8)数据帧，2表示二进制数据帧
%x0 denotes a continuation frame %x1 denotes a text frame %x2 denotes a binary frame %x3-7 are reserved for further non-control frames %x8 denotes a connection close %x9 denotes a ping %xA denotes a pong %xB-F are reserved for further control frames MASK: 表示 Payload 数据是否标记，从客户端发送给服务端的包需要通过 Masking-key 与 Payload 数据进行异或操作，防止一些恶意程序直接获取传输内容内容。
Payload len：传输数据内容的长度
Payload Data: 传输数据
当一个完整消息体大小不可知时，websocket支持分片传输 Fragmentation。这样可以方便服务端使用可控大小的 buffer 来传输分段数据，减少带宽压力，同时可以有效控制服务器内存。
同时在多路传输的场景下，可以利用分片技术使不同的 namespace 的数据能共享对外传输通道。不用等待某个大的 message 传输完成，进入等待状态。
对于控制数据帧 Control Frames 不能使用分片方式，并且 Playload 数据不大于 125 bytes，但可以在分片帧中插队传输。通过 opcodes 最高位置位来标记控制帧，0x8 (Close), 0x9 (Ping), 0xA (Pong)，Opcodes 0xB-0xF 保留。
go-socket.io 参考
package socketio
import "github.com/googollee/go-socket.io"
func NewBroadcast() Broadcast
type Broadcast interface {
Join(room string, connection Conn) // Join causes the connection to join a room
Leave(room string, connection Conn) // Leave causes the connection to leave a room
LeaveAll(connection Conn) // LeaveAll causes given connection to leave all rooms
Clear(room string) // Clear causes removal of all connections from the room
Send(room, event string, args ...interface{}) // Send will send an event with args to the room
SendAll(event string, args ...interface{}) // SendAll will send an event with args to all the rooms
Len(room string) int // Len gives number of connections in the room
Rooms(connection Conn) []string // Gives list of all the rooms if no connection given, else list of all the rooms the connection joined
}
type Conn interface {
ID() string // session id
Close() error
URL() url.URL
LocalAddr() net.Addr
RemoteAddr() net.Addr
RemoteHeader() http.Header
// Context of this connection. You can save one context for one
// connection, and share it between all handlers. The handlers
// is called in one goroutine, so no need to lock context if it
// only be accessed in one connection.
Context() interface{}
SetContext(v interface{})
Namespace() string
Emit(msg string, v ...interface{})
// Broadcast server side apis
Join(room string)
Leave(room string)
LeaveAll()
Rooms() []string
}
func NewServer(c *engineio.Options) (*Server, error)
type Server
func (s *Server) BroadcastToRoom(room, event string, args ...interface{})
func (s *Server) ClearRoom(room string)
func (s *Server) Close() error
func (s *Server) JoinRoom(room string, connection Conn)
func (s *Server) LeaveAllRooms(connection Conn)
func (s *Server) LeaveRoom(room string, connection Conn)
func (s *Server) OnConnect(nsp string, f func(Conn) error)
func (s *Server) OnDisconnect(nsp string, f func(Conn, string))
func (s *Server) OnError(nsp string, f func(Conn, error))
func (s *Server) OnEvent(nsp, event string, f interface{})
func (s *Server) RoomLen(room string) int
func (s *Server) Rooms() []string
func (s *Server) Serve() error
func (s *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
type net.Addr interface {
Network() string // name of the network (for example, "tcp", "udp")
String() string // string form of address (for example, "192.0.2.1:25", "[2001:db8::1]:80")
}
go-socket.io demo
Install the package with:
go get github.com/googollee/go-socket.io
Import it with:
import "github.com/googollee/go-socket.io"
go-socket.io 提供个基本的实列，参考原代码中的 Example 目录。
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/googollee/go-socket.io"
)
type Msg struct {
UserId string `json:"userId"`
Text string `json:"text"`
State string `json:"state"`
Namespace string `json:"namespace"`
Rooms []string `json:"rooms"`
}
func main() {
server, err := socketio.NewServer(nil)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
server.OnConnect("/", func(s socketio.Conn) error {
msg := Msg{s.ID(), "connected!", "notice", "", nil}
s.SetContext("")
s.Emit("res", msg)
fmt.Println("connected /:", s.ID())
// fmt.Printf("URL: %#v \n", s.URL())
// fmt.Printf("LocalAddr: %#+v \n", s.LocalAddr())
// fmt.Printf("RemoteAddr: %#+v \n", s.RemoteAddr())
// fmt.Printf("RemoteHeader: %#+v \n", s.RemoteHeader())
// fmt.Printf("Cookies: %s \n", s.RemoteHeader().Get("Cookie"))
return nil
})
server.OnEvent("/", "join", func(s socketio.Conn, room string) {
s.Join(room)
msg := Msg{s.ID(), "<= " + s.ID() + " join " + room, "state", s.Namespace(), s.Rooms()}
fmt.Println("/:join", room, s.Namespace(), s.Rooms())
server.BroadcastToRoom(room, "res", msg)
})
server.OnEvent("/", "leave", func(s socketio.Conn, room string) {
s.Leave(room)
msg := Msg{s.ID(), "<= " + s.ID() + " leave " + room, "state", s.Namespace(), s.Rooms()}
fmt.Println("/:chat received", room, s.Namespace(), s.Rooms())
server.BroadcastToRoom(room, "res", msg)
})
server.OnEvent("/", "chat", func(s socketio.Conn, msg string) {
res := Msg{s.ID(), "<= " + msg, "normal", s.Namespace(), s.Rooms()}
s.SetContext(res)
fmt.Println("/:chat received", msg, s.Namespace(), s.Rooms(), server.Rooms())
rooms := s.Rooms()
if len(rooms) > 0 {
fmt.Println("broadcast to", rooms)
for i := range rooms {
server.BroadcastToRoom(rooms[i], "res", res)
}
// server.BroadcastToRoom(s.Rooms()[0], "res", res)
}
})
server.OnEvent("/", "notice", func(s socketio.Conn, msg string) {
fmt.Println("/:notice:", msg)
s.Emit("reply", "have "+msg)
})
server.OnEvent("/chat", "msg", func(s socketio.Conn, msg string) string {
fmt.Println("/chat:msg received", msg)
return "recv " + msg
})
server.OnEvent("/", "bye", func(s socketio.Conn) string {
last := s.Context().(Msg)
s.Emit("bye", last)
res := Msg{s.ID(), "<= " + s.ID() + " leaved", "state", s.Namespace(), s.Rooms()}
rooms := s.Rooms()
s.LeaveAll()
s.Close()
if len(rooms) > 0 {
fmt.Println("broadcast to", rooms)
for i := range rooms {
server.BroadcastToRoom(rooms[i], "res", res)
}
}
fmt.Printf("/:bye last context: %#+v \n", s.Context())
return last.Text
})
server.OnError("/", func(s socketio.Conn, e error) {
fmt.Println("/:error ", e)
})
server.OnDisconnect("/", func(s socketio.Conn, reason string) {
fmt.Println("/:closed", s.ID(), reason)
})
go server.Serve()
defer server.Close()
http.Handle("/socket.io/", server)
http.Handle("/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("./asset")))
log.Println("Serving at localhost:8000...")
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8000", nil))
}
注意格式 server.OnEvent(namespace, event, func...)， OnEvent 可以直接返回字符串，也可以通过 socket.Emit 向客户端返回数据。 server.BroadcastToRoom 提供了广播方法，通过内部的 broadcast.Send 方法进行广播，但是没有公开内部的 SendAll 方法。用户连接直接通过 Join/Leave 加入或离开房间，可以加入多个房间，当前连接的 Rooms() 返回用户加入的房间号，server.Rooms() 则记录了当前系统所有的房间号。
当前连接提供了 SetContext/Context 方法来保存/读取当前用户会话中的上下文数据。
使用 Golang 后端的 go-socket.io 和 Node.js 的 socket.io 在前端的连接方式上有细小差别，socket.io 可以通过 query 参数来配置房间号、用户 ID：
const socket = io(namespace, {
// Actual use can pass parameters here
query: {
room,
userId,
},
transports: ['websocket']
});
在 go-socket.io 中就需要手动读取客户端传入的房间号、用户 ID 等信息：
s.URL().RawQuery
"room=tent-lodge&userId=client_57222..."
配套页面 index.html:
<html>
<head>
<title>Socket Test</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/theme.css" />
<script src="https://cdn.socket.io/socket.io-1.2.0.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.1.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<!-- <h1>Socket Test</h1> -->
<input class="chat-type" placeholder="Socket Test" type="text" onchange="onType(event)" />
<script>
// browser
const log = console.log;
function onType(e){
console.log("onType", e.target);
if(!socket) return;
var msg = e.target.value;
var action = msg.split(" ")[0];
var tend = msg.split(" ")[1];
if(msg=="bye"){
socket.emit('bye', msg);
}else if(action=="join" && tend){
socket.emit("join", msg.split(" ")[1]);
}else if(action=="leave" && tend){
socket.emit("leave", msg.split(" ")[1]);
}else{
socket.emit("chat", msg);
}
addMessage("send", {userId, text: msg});
e.target.value = "";
}
var userId = `client_${Math.random().toFixed(5).substr(2)}`;
var it = document.createElement('ul');
it.className = "messages";
document.body.appendChild(it)
function addMessage(type, msg){
var li = document.createElement('li');
li.innerHTML = "<i>"+msg.text+"</i>"+"<b>"+msg.userId+"</b>";
li.className = type+" "+(msg.type || "");
if(userId==msg.userId){
li.className += " self";
}
if((msg.text=="connected!" || msg.text=="disconnected!") && msg.rooms){
var rooms = Object.keys(msg.rooms).length;
var s = [];
for(var i in msg.rooms){
s.push("<b>Room:"+i+" Numbers:"+msg.rooms[i].length+"</b>")
}
li.innerHTML += "<div>"+s.join("<br>")+"</div>";
}
it.appendChild(li);
}
window.onload = function() {
// init
var room = 'tent-lodge';
var namespace = '/';
// namespace = '/example';
// namespace = "http://127.0.0.1:7001/";
// var socket = io();
var socket = io(namespace);
// const socket = io(namespace, {
// // Actual use can pass parameters here
// query: {
// room,
// userId,
// },
// transports: ['websocket']
// });
socket.on('connect', () => {
const id = socket.id;
log('#connect,', id, socket); // receive online user information
addMessage("connect", {userId, text: "connected "+id});
var msg = 'Hello Socket.io!';
socket.emit('chat', msg);
addMessage("send", {userId, text: msg});
// listen for its own id to implement p2p communication
socket.on(id, msg => {
log('#receive,', msg);
});
});
socket.on('res', msg => {
addMessage("received", msg);
console.log('res from server:', msg);
});
socket.on('online', msg => {
log('#online,', msg);
});
// system events
socket.on('disconnect', msg => {
log('#disconnect', msg);
});
socket.on('disconnecting', () => {
log('#disconnecting');
});
socket.on('error', (res) => {
log('#error', res);
});
window.socket = socket;
};
</script>
</body>
</html>
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