golang 架构设计原则 单一职责原则

缘起

最近复习设计模式
拜读谭勇德的<<设计模式就该这样学>>
该书以java语言演绎了常见设计模式
本系列笔记拟采用golang练习之

单一职责原则

• 单一职责原则（Simple Responsibility Principle, SRP）指不要存在一个以上导致类变更的原因。假设有一个Class负责两个职责，一旦发生需求变更，修改其中一个职责的逻辑代码，有可能会导致另一个职责的功能发生故障。
• 分别用两个Class来实现两个职责，进行解耦。总体来说就是一个Class、Interface、Method只负责一项职责。

_

场景

• 某线上学院提供直播课和录播课两种产品
• 直播课可以播放和暂停, 不支持快进快退
• 录播课支持播放, 暂停, 快进和快退
• 如果把直播课和录播课实现在一个class里面, 则快进和快退的处理会比较麻烦
• 将直播课和录播课分开class实现, 从而遵循单一职责原则

BadCourse.go

不好的示例: 把两种课程的处理放在一个class, BadCourse承担了多种职责.

package simple_responsibility

import "fmt"

type IBadCourse interface {
    ID() int
    Name() string
    Play()
    Pause()
    Forward(int)
    Backward(int)
}

type BadCourse struct {
    iID int
    sName string
}

func NewBadCourse(id int, name string) *BadCourse {
    return &BadCourse{
        iID: id,
        sName: name,
    }
}

func (me *BadCourse) ID() int {
    return me.iID
}

func (me *BadCourse) Name() string {
    return me.sName
}

func (me *BadCourse) Play() {
    fmt.Printf("%v play\n", me.Name())
}

func (me *BadCourse) Pause() {
    fmt.Printf("%v pause\n", me.Name())
}


func (me *BadCourse) Forward(seconds int) {
    if me.Name() == "录播课" {
        fmt.Printf("%v forward %v seconds\n", me.Name(), seconds)
    } else {
        fmt.Printf("%v cannot forward\n", me.Name())
    }
}


func (me *BadCourse) Backward(seconds int) {
    if me.Name() == "录播课" {
        fmt.Printf("%v backward %v seconds\n", me.Name(), seconds)
    } else {
        fmt.Printf("%v cannot backward\n", me.Name())
    }
}

GoodCourse.go

更好的示例, 定义课程接口和课程控制接口

package simple_responsibility

type IGoodCourse interface {
    ID() int
    Name() string
    Controller() IPlayControl
}

type IPlayControl interface {
    Play()
    Pause()
}

type IReplayControl interface {
    IPlayControl
    Forward(seconds int)
    Backward(seconds int)
}

type CourseInfo struct {
    iID int
    sName string
}


func (me *CourseInfo) ID() int {
    return me.iID
}

func (me *CourseInfo) Name() string {
    return me.sName
}

LiveCourse.go

更好的示例, 直播课的实现.
LiveCourse通过集成CourseInfo实现IGoodCourse接口, 同时实现了IPlayControl接口.

package simple_responsibility

import (
    "fmt"
)

type LiveCourse struct {
    CourseInfo
}

func NewLiveCourse(id int, name string) IGoodCourse {
    return &LiveCourse{
        CourseInfo{
            iID: id,
            sName: name,
        },
    }
}

func (me *LiveCourse) Controller() IPlayControl {
    return me
}


func (me *LiveCourse) Play() {
    fmt.Printf("%v play\n", me.Name())
}

func (me *LiveCourse) Pause() {
    fmt.Printf("%v pause\n", me.Name())
}

ReplayCourse.go

更好的示例, 录播课的实现.
ReplayCourse通过集成CourseInfo实现IGoodCourse接口, 同时实现了IReplayControl接口

package simple_responsibility

import (
    "fmt"
)

type ReplayCourse struct {
    CourseInfo
}

func NewReplayCourse(id int, name string) IGoodCourse {
    return &ReplayCourse{
        CourseInfo{
            iID: id,
            sName: name,
        },
    }
}

func (me *ReplayCourse) Controller() IPlayControl {
    return me
}

func (me *ReplayCourse) Play() {
    fmt.Printf("%v play\n", me.Name())
}

func (me *ReplayCourse) Pause() {
    fmt.Printf("%v pause\n", me.Name())
}

func (me *ReplayCourse) Forward(seconds int) {
    fmt.Printf("%v forward %v\n", me.Name(), seconds)
}

func (me *ReplayCourse) Backward(seconds int) {
    fmt.Printf("%v backward %v\n", me.Name(), seconds)
}

simple_responsibility_test.go

单元测试

package main

import (
    "learning/gooop/principles/simple_responsibility"
    "testing"
)

func Test_SimpleResponsibility(t *testing.T) {
    fnTestBadCourse := func(bc *simple_responsibility.BadCourse) {
        bc.Play()
        bc.Pause()
        bc.Forward(30)
        bc.Backward(30)
    }
    fnTestBadCourse( simple_responsibility.NewBadCourse(1, "直播课"))
    fnTestBadCourse( simple_responsibility.NewBadCourse(2, "录播课"))


    fnTestGoodCourse := func(gc simple_responsibility.IGoodCourse) {
        pc := gc.Controller()
        pc.Play()
        pc.Pause()
        if rc, ok := pc.(simple_responsibility.IReplayControl);ok {
            rc.Forward(30)
            rc.Backward(30)
        }
    }

    fnTestGoodCourse(simple_responsibility.NewLiveCourse(11, "直播课"))
    fnTestGoodCourse(simple_responsibility.NewReplayCourse(12, "录播课"))
}

测试输出

$ go test -v simple_responsibility_test.go 
=== RUN   Test_SimpleResponsibility
直播课 play
直播课 pause
直播课 cannot forward
直播课 cannot backward
录播课 play
录播课 pause
录播课 forward 30 seconds
录播课 backward 30 seconds
直播课 play
直播课 pause
录播课 play
录播课 pause
录播课 forward 30
录播课 backward 30
--- PASS: Test_SimpleResponsibility (0.00s)
PASS
ok      command-line-arguments  0.003s

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