Golang 字符串拼装方式性能对比

Go语言中字符串的拼装方法很多，那么问题来了，到底哪家性能好？

下面代码，分别比较了 fmt.Sprintf，string +，strings.Join，bytes.Buffer，方法是循环若干次比较总时间。在VMWare下的Ubuntu 14.04下运行的结果如下，仅供参考：

• fmt.Sprintf 和 strings.Join 速度相当
• string + 比上述二者快一倍
• bytes.Buffer又比上者快约400-500倍
• 如果循环内每次都临时声明一个bytes.Buffer来使用，会比持续存在慢50%，但是仍然很快

测试代码如下：

package main

import (
    "bytes"
    "fmt"
    "strings"
    "time"
)

func benchmarkStringFunction(n int, index int) (d time.Duration) {
    v := "ni shuo wo shi bu shi tai wu liao le a?"
    var s string
    var buf bytes.Buffer

    t0 := time.Now()
    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
        switch index {
        case 0: // fmt.Sprintf
            s = fmt.Sprintf("%s[%s]", s, v)
        case 1: // string +
            s = s + "[" + v + "]"
        case 2: // strings.Join
            s = strings.Join([]string{s, "[", v, "]"}, "")
        case 3: // temporary bytes.Buffer
            b := bytes.Buffer{}
            b.WriteString("[")
            b.WriteString(v)
            b.WriteString("]")
            s = b.String()
        case 4: // stable bytes.Buffer
            buf.WriteString("[")
            buf.WriteString(v)
            buf.WriteString("]")
        }

        if i == n-1 {
            if index == 4 { // for stable bytes.Buffer
                s = buf.String()
            }
            fmt.Println(len(s)) // consume s to avoid compiler optimization
        }
    }
    t1 := time.Now()
    d = t1.Sub(t0)
    fmt.Printf("time of way(%d)=%v\n", index, d)
    return d
}

func main() {
    k := 5
    d := [5]time.Duration{}
    for i := 0; i < k; i++ {
        d[i] = benchmarkStringFunction(10000, i)
    }

    for i := 0; i < k-1; i++ {
        fmt.Printf("way %d is %6.1f times of way %d\n", i, float32(d[i])/float32(d[k-1]), k-1)
    }
}

其中一次的结果如下：

410000
time of way(0)=1.199641573s
410000
time of way(1)=568.716669ms
410000
time of way(2)=1.197077483s
41
time of way(3)=2.277063ms
410000
time of way(4)=1.398864ms
way 0 is  857.6 times of way 4
way 1 is  406.6 times of way 4
way 2 is  855.7 times of way 4
way 3 is    1.6 times of way 4